Spondylolysis is a stress fracture or weakness in one of the vertebrae, most often in the lower back. When the affected vertebra slips forward out of position, the condition is called spondylolisthesis. Mild cases often respond well to conservative treatment, while more advanced cases may require surgery followed by physical and occupational therapy to restore strength, mobility, and function.
This injury typically occurs when someone falls onto an outstretched hand, often as a result of tripping or losing balance. While Colles’ fractures can happen at any age, they are most common in older adults, particularly those with osteoporosis or other conditions that weaken bones.
Who Is Most at Risk?
Spondylolysis is most common in adolescents and young adults who participate in sports
that place repeated stress on the lower back, including:
- Gymnastics
- Football
- Diving
- Rowing
- Weightlifting
- Persistent low back pain
- Muscle spasms
- Tight hamstrings
- Changes in posture or walking pattern
- Pain that worsens with activity
- Gentle stretching and progressive strengthening exercises
- Core and pelvic stabilization through clinical Pilates or yoga-based exercises
- Therapeutic massage and dry needling to relieve muscle tension and spasms
- Bracing guidance and monitoring to support proper healing
- Ultrasound and electrical stimulation for pain management