Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects the body’s ability to properly use sugar (glucose). When diabetes is not diagnosed, treated, and managed properly, it can lead to severe and sometimes life-threatening complications.

The pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that enables glucose to move from the bloodstream into the body’s cells, where it is used for energy. In people with diabetes, this process does not function correctly. Either the body does not produce enough insulin, or the cells become less sensitive to insulin, which leads to elevated blood sugar levels as glucose remains in the bloodstream.

Because of this, individuals with diabetes need to actively manage their blood sugar levels, and exercise plays a vital role in this process.

•  Types of Diabetes
•  Type 1: formerly called Juvenile Diabetes. Insulin has to be administered.
•  Type 2: formerly adult-onset, but is seen now in children. Pills are often recommended. At times, insulin may also be used in the treatment process.
•  Gestational Diabetes (pregnancy-induced diabetes)

Common Symptoms of Diabetes include:

• Thirst
• Frequent urination
• Hunger
• Infections

Physical and occupational therapy play an important role in helping people with diabetes stay active, safe, and healthy. Benefits of physical and occupational therapy include:

•  Evaluation of the diabetic before starting an exercise program.
•  Education/instruction of the diabetic on do’s and don’ts.
•  Injury prevention awareness.
•  Rehabilitation after an injury.

Physical and occupational therapists use a variety of techniques to promote healing and recovery, including:

• Ultrasound to heal connective tissue (tendons and ligaments).
• Skilled manual therapy, including stretching and massage.
• Resistance training to build muscle strength.
• Cold compress for acute injuries and heat to relax muscular spasms.
• Functional electrical stimulation is used to restore strength in the muscles
• The use of tape to support the muscles

The earlier an injury is assessed and treated, the better the outcome. 

Moving Toward Better Blood Sugar Control

Long term treatment requires a combination of traditional medical practices and lifestyle modifications. Injectable insulin (for Type 1 Diabetes) and oral medications with or without insulin (for Type 2 Diabetes) provide a foundation for treatment. In addition to medication, a healthy diet, exercise and foot care help prevent injury and improve the quality of life. Therapists will conduct a detailed evaluation of the muscles, bones and joints. This baseline will help them advise you on what and how much you should do to prevent exercise-related injuries, improve fitness, and achieve a healthy body weight.